Apparatus and associated methods for use in live navigation

ABSTRACT

An apparatus comprising a processor and memory Including computer program code, the memory and computer program code configured to, with the processor, enable the apparatus at least to: for a defined road Journey through a road network from a start location lo an end location, assign respective sub-portions of the defined road journey to each of a group of mobile devices associated with one or more travellers for the road journey according to at least one predefined assignment criterion, wherein each of the group of mobile devices is configured For provision of live mapping data for live navigation of the respective sub-portion of the road journey, and wherein the at least one predefined assignment criterion comprises a discontinuity criterion configured to assign two or more consecutive sub-portions of the road journey to be discontinuous.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application was originally filed as PCT Application No.PCT/IB2015/000693 filed Apr. 2, 2015.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of live navigation,associated methods and apparatus, and in particular concerns anapparatus configured to assign two or more consecutive discontinuoussub-portions of a defined road journey to a group of mobile devices sothat each device can provide live mapping data for live navigation of arespective discontinuous sub-portion of the road journey. Certaindisclosed example aspects/embodiments relate to portable electronicdevices, in particular, so-called hand-portable electronic devices whichmay be hand-held in use (although they may be placed in a cradle inuse). Such hand-portable electronic devices include so-called PersonalDigital Assistants (PDAs), smartwatches, smart eyewear and tablet PCs.In some embodiments, the apparatus may be built-in to a vehicle, forexample, as part of a satellite navigation system.

The portable electronic devices/apparatus according to one or moredisclosed example aspects/embodiments may not be limited to justnavigation/road mapping functionality but may provide one or moreaudio/text/video communication functions (e.g. tele-communication,video-communication, and/or text transmission, Short Message Service(SMS)/Multimedia Message Service (MMS)/emailing functions,interactive/non-interactive viewing functions (e.g. web-browsing,navigation, TV/program viewing functions), music recording/playingfunctions (e.g. MP3 or other format and/or (FM/AM) radio broadcastrecording/playing), downloading/sending of data functions, image capturefunction (e.g. using a (e.g. in-built) digital camera), and gamingfunctions.

BACKGROUND

Research is currently being done to develop improved navigation deviceswhich can provide a user with live mapping data for a defined roadjourney to aid navigation of the road journey.

The listing or discussion of a prior-published document or anybackground in this specification should not necessarily be taken as anacknowledgement that the document or background is part of the state ofthe art or is common general knowledge.

SUMMARY

According to a first aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising aprocessor and memory including computer program code, the memory andcomputer program code configured to, with the processor, enable theapparatus at least to:

-   -   for a defined road journey through a road network from a start        location to an end location, assign respective sub-portions of        the defined road journey to each of a group of mobile devices        associated with one or more travellers for the road journey        according to at least one predefined assignment criterion,        wherein each of the group of mobile devices is configured for        provision of live mapping data for live navigation of the        respective sub-portion of the road journey, and wherein the at        least one predefined assignment criterion comprises a        discontinuity criterion configured to assign two or more        consecutive sub-portions of the road journey to be        discontinuous.

The discontinuity criterion may be configured to assign a start point orend point of one or more of the consecutive sub-portions at a roadintersection of the journey which has one or more of a plurality ofincoming and outgoing roads.

The discontinuity criterion may be configured to assign a start point orend point of one or more of the consecutive sub-portions at the roadintersection such that at least one of the plurality of incoming andoutgoing roads comprises one or more further road intersections betweenthe consecutive sub-portions.

The discontinuity criterion may be configured to assign one or morerespective start and end points of the two or more consecutivesub-portions such that they are discontinuous by being spaced apart fromone another by a particular spatial or temporal gap according to apredetermined security/privacy setting.

The discontinuity criterion may be configured to assign one or morerespective start and end points of the two or more consecutivesub-portions according to a traveller familiarity criterion related toone or more of how often the traveller associated with the mobile devicehas previously travelled between the consecutive sub-portions of theroad journey, and available road signage to provide visual navigationbetween the consecutive sub-portions of the road journey.

The discontinuity criterion may be configured to assign one or morerespective start and end points of the two or more consecutivesub-portions according to a traveller experience criterion related tothe ability of the traveller to self-navigate between the consecutivesub-portions of the road journey.

The respective traveller familiarity/experience criterion for eachtraveller may be stored remotely from the apparatus, and the apparatusmay be configured to receive the traveller familiarity/experiencecriterion in respect of the traveller on request.

The apparatus may be configured to receive the live mapping data foreach sub-portion of the defined road journey from the respective mobiledevices.

The live mapping data may comprise one or more of navigation data,travel updates, weather updates, local news and advertising data for therespective sub-portions of the road journey.

The apparatus may be or form part of one of the group of mobile devices,or may be or form part of a device separate to the group of mobiledevices.

The apparatus may be one or more of an electronic device, one of thegroup of mobile devices, a portable electronic device, a portabletelecommunications device, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant,a tablet, a phablet, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a server, asmartphone, a smartwatch, smart eyewear, a portable satellite navigationdevice, an in-built vehicle satellite navigation device, and a modulefor one or more of the same.

According to a further aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprisinga processor and memory including computer program code, the memory andcomputer program code configured to, with the processor, enable theapparatus at least to:

-   -   during travel on a defined road journey through a road network        from a start location to an end location, use received live        mapping data for live navigation for the journey, the live        mapping data received from each of a group of mobile devices        associated with one or more travellers for the road journey,        each of the group of mobile devices configured for provision of        live mapping data for a respective sub-portion of the road        journey, wherein two or more consecutive sub-portions of the        road journey are discontinuous.

The apparatus may be one or more of an apparatus according to anyaforementioned or subsequently mentioned aspect, an electronic device,one of the group of mobile devices, a portable electronic device, aportable telecommunications device, a mobile phone, a personal digitalassistant, a tablet, a phablet, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, aserver, a smartphone, a smartwatch, smart eyewear, a portable satellitenavigation device, an in-built vehicle satellite navigation device, anda module for one or more of the same.

According to a further aspect, there is provided a system comprising theapparatus of any preceding claim and the group of mobile devices.

Some or all of the mobile devices forming the group of mobile devicesmay be associated with the same traveller or different travellers. Inthe former case, for example, multiple devices of the same traveller maybe associated together by a common user account/profile used to link thedevices to the traveller (e.g. by common device settings and/orapplications according to the user account/profile).

According to a further aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprisinga processor and memory including computer program code, the memory andcomputer program code configured to, with the processor, enable theapparatus at least to:

-   -   during travel on a defined road journey through a road network        from a start location to an end location, provide live mapping        data for live navigation for the journey, the live mapping data        provided from one of a group of mobile devices associated with        one or more travellers for the road journey, each of the group        of mobile devices configured for provision of live mapping data        for a respective sub-portion of the road journey, wherein two or        more consecutive sub-portions of the road journey are        discontinuous.

The apparatus may be or form part of one of the group of mobile devices.

According to a further aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprisinga processor and memory including computer program code, the memory andcomputer program code configured to, with the processor, enable theapparatus at least to:

-   -   during travel on a defined road journey through a road network        from a start location to an end location, one or more of provide        and end live mapping data for live navigation for the journey        from one of a group of mobile devices associated with respective        one or more travellers for the road journey, each of the group        of mobile devices configured for provision of live mapping data        for a respective sub-portion of the road journey, two or more        consecutive sub-portions of the road journey being        discontinuous, wherein the live mapping data is one or more of        provided and ended from a respective mobile device based on a        provision criterion, the provision criterion determined using        the current location on the journey of the mobile device with        respect to the particular sub-portion of the respective mobile        device to allow each respective mobile device to take on and        end, in sequence order, provision of live mapping data for the        respective sub-portion.

The apparatus may be one or more of an electronic device, one of thegroup of mobile devices, a portable electronic device, a portabletelecommunications device, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant,a tablet, a phablet, a laptop computer, a smartphone, a smartwatch,smart eyewear, a portable satellite navigation device, an in-builtvehicle satellite navigation device, and a module for one or more of thesame.

According to a further aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprisinga processor and memory including computer program code, the memory andcomputer program code configured to, with the processor, enable theapparatus at least to:

-   -   generate a partial location log for one or more of a group of        mobile devices, the group of mobile devices associated with one        or more travellers of a defined road journey through a road        network from a start location to an end location, wherein each        of the group of mobile devices is configured for provision of        live mapping data for live navigation of a respective assigned        sub-portion of the road journey, and wherein the partial        location log comprises the location of the respective mobile        device through only a sub-part of the respective assigned        sub-portion of the road journey to obfuscate the travel through        the assigned sub-portion.

The apparatus may be configured to obfuscate the travel through thesub-portion by one or more of removing and replacing location dataassociated with the remainder of the respective sub-portion.

The apparatus may be configured to obfuscate the travel through thesub-portion by logging the location at a road intersection having one ormore of a plurality of incoming roads and a plurality of outgoing roads,the road intersection corresponding to one or more of a start and endpoint of the sub-part of the respective sub-portion, and not logging orcorrectly logging the location before or after the respective startpoint and end point to provide a predetermined level of uncertainty inrespect of travel by the mobile device through the respectivesub-portion.

The apparatus may be one or more of an apparatus according to anyaforementioned or subsequently mentioned aspect, an electronic device,one of the group of mobile devices, a portable electronic device, aportable telecommunications device, a mobile phone, a personal digitalassistant, a tablet, a phablet, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, aserver, a smartphone, a smartwatch, smart eyewear, a portable satellitenavigation device, an in-built vehicle satellite navigation device, anda module for one or more of the same.

According to a further aspect, there is provided a method comprising:

-   -   for a defined road journey through a road network from a start        location to an end location, assigning respective sub-portions        of the defined road journey to each of a group of mobile devices        associated with one or more travellers for the road journey        according to at least one predefined assignment criterion,        wherein each of the group of mobile devices is configured for        provision of live mapping data for live navigation of the        respective sub-portion of the road journey, and wherein the        assignment criterion comprises a discontinuity assignment        criterion configured to assign two or more consecutive        sub-portions of the road journey to be discontinuous.

According to a further aspect, there is provided a method comprising:

-   -   during travel on a defined road journey through a road network        from a start location to an end location, using received live        mapping data for live navigation for the journey, the live        mapping data received from each of a group of mobile devices        associated with one or more travellers for the road journey,        each of the group of mobile devices configured for provision of        live mapping data for a respective sub-portion of the road        journey, wherein two or more consecutive sub-portions of the        road journey are discontinuous.

According to a further aspect, there is provided a method comprising:

-   -   during travel on a defined road journey through a road network        from a start location to an end location, providing live mapping        data for live navigation for the journey, the live mapping data        provided from one of a group of mobile devices associated with        one or more travellers for the road journey, each of the group        of mobile devices configured for provision of live mapping data        for a respective sub-portion of the road journey, wherein two or        more consecutive sub-portions of the road journey are        discontinuous.

According to a further aspect, there is provided a method comprising:

-   -   during travel on a defined road journey through a road network        from a start location to an end location, one or more of        providing and ending live mapping data for live navigation for        the journey from one of a group of mobile devices associated        with respective one or more travellers for the road journey,        each of the group of mobile devices configured for provision of        live mapping data for a respective sub-portion of the road        journey, two or more consecutive sub-portions of the road        journey being discontinuous, wherein the live mapping data is        one or more of provided and ended from a respective mobile        device based on a provision criterion, the provision criterion        determined using the current location on the journey of the        mobile device with respect to the particular sub-portion of the        respective mobile device to allow each respective mobile device        to take on and end, in sequence order, provision of live mapping        data for the respective sub-portion.

According to a further aspect, there is provided a method comprising:

-   -   generating a partial location log for one or more of a group of        mobile devices, the group of mobile devices associated with one        or more travellers of a defined road journey through a road        network from a start location to an end location, wherein each        of the group of mobile devices is configured for provision of        live mapping data for live navigation of a respective assigned        sub-portion of the road journey, and wherein the partial        location log comprises the location of the mobile device through        only a sub-part of the respective assigned sub-portion of the        road journey to obfuscate the travel through the assigned        sub-portion.

The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed inthe exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated or understood by theskilled person.

Corresponding computer programs (which may or may not be recorded on acarrier) for implementing one or more of the methods disclosed hereinare also within the present disclosure and encompassed by one or more ofthe described example embodiments.

The present disclosure includes one or more corresponding aspects,example embodiments or features in isolation or in various combinationswhether or not specifically stated (including claimed) in thatcombination or in isolation. Corresponding means or functional units forperforming one or more of the discussed functions are also within thepresent disclosure.

The above summary is intended to be merely exemplary and non-limiting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

A description is now given, by way of example only, with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a mobile device configured to obtainlive mapping data for a defined road journey from a mapping dataprovider;

FIG. 2 illustrates schematically one example of an apparatus describedherein;

FIG. 3 illustrates schematically the assignment of respectivesub-portions of a defined road journey to each of a group of mobiledevices;

FIG. 4a illustrates schematically a group of mobile devices travellingthe road journey in a single vehicle;

FIG. 4b illustrates schematically a group of mobile devices travellingthe road journey in respective vehicles;

FIG. 5a illustrates schematically a binary system for assigning therespective sub-portions to the group of mobile devices;

FIG. 5b illustrates schematically a scoring system for assigning therespective sub-portions to the group of mobile devices;

FIG. 6a illustrates schematically the assignment of alternativesub-portions of the defined road journey to the group of mobile devices;

FIG. 6b illustrates schematically the assignment of respectivesub-portions of an alternative road journey to the group of mobiledevices;

FIG. 7a illustrates schematically the assignment of two or moreconsecutive discontinuous sub-portions of the predefined road journey tothe group of mobile devices;

FIG. 7b illustrates schematically two consecutive discontinuoussub-portions having a start/end point at a road intersection comprisinga plurality of incoming/outgoing roads;

FIG. 8a illustrates schematically the assignment of two consecutivecontinuous sub-portions of the predefined road journey to a pair ofrespective mobile devices;

FIG. 8b illustrates schematically a partial location log for the mobiledevices of FIG. 8 a;

FIGS. 9a-c illustrate schematically the main steps of a method describedherein;

FIGS. 10a-d illustrate schematically the main steps of another methoddescribed herein; and

FIG. 11 shows a computer-readable medium comprising a computer programconfigured to perform, control or enable one or more method stepsdescribed herein.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC ASPECTS/EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a scenario in which a traveller requires live mapping datafor use in navigating a road journey A-B through a road network from astart location A to an end location B. In this scenario, the travellerwould typically provide the start A and end B locations of the journey(although the traveller's current location may be used as the startlocation A) to a mapping application on his/her mobile device 101, andthe mapping application would then receive live mapping data for thejourney from a mapping data provider 102 and provide said data to thetraveller. The live mapping data may comprise one or more of navigationdata, travel updates, weather updates, local news and advertising datafor the road journey A-B, and may be obtained via any wired or wirelessconnection 103 (e.g. at least one of a data cable, a telecommunicationsnetwork, radio, satellite, WiMAX™, WiFi™ and Bluetooth™). The mappingdata provider 102 is shown in FIG. 1 as a cloud to illustrate the factthat it may comprise any remote device(s) or service(s) to which thetraveller's mobile device 101 can be connected.

By monitoring the traveller's location, the mapping application is ableto provide the traveller with real-time navigation instructions whichtake account of any current issues that might affect the journey A-B.This can be used, for example, to determine the fastest route throughthe road network from the start location A to the end location B at aparticular time, which might not necessarily be the shortest routethrough the road network.

In some cases, the mapping application may be configured to store/logone or both of the proposed route and the traveller's locationthroughout the road journey A-B (either locally or on a remote server)to enable customisation of its services for future journeys. The mappingapplication may even provide this location data to the mapping dataprovider 102 to enable customisation of future live mapping data. Forexample, if the location data comprises details of any shops orrestaurants that the traveller visited on the road journey A-B, themapping data provider 102 could use this information to provide thetraveller with associated advertising data on a subsequent journey.

Whilst the ability to obtain live mapping data for a journey A-Bprovides navigational advantages, a disadvantage of the above-mentionedscenario is that the mapping application and mapping data provider 102are able to acquire information on the traveller's whereabouts, whichmay be considered by some travellers to be a breach of privacy. Asmentioned above, this information includes one or more of the start Aand end B locations, the proposed route, and the traveller's trackedlocation throughout the journey A-B.

One way of concealing the start A and end B locations (and therefore theroute) may involve the traveller and/or mapping application requestinglive mapping data for a region encompassing the journey A-B (e.g. aneighbourhood, town, city, county, or country) rather than requestinglive mapping data for the journey A-B per se. However, this increase inabstraction level requires a greater amount of live mapping data andtherefore has bandwidth and storage repercussions.

One way of concealing the traveller's current location throughout thejourney A-B may involve the traveller turning off the location sharingfunction on his/her mobile device 101, or using a location anonymizationtechnique. However, these approaches inhibit the mapping applicationfrom providing the traveller with live mapping data specific to thetraveller's current location, and are therefore unsuitable in thisscenario.

There will now be described an apparatus and associated methods that mayprovide a possible solution to the above-mentioned privacy issues.

FIG. 2 shows an apparatus 204 configured to perform one or more methodsdescribed herein. The apparatus 204 may be at least one of an electronicdevice, a portable electronic device, a portable telecommunicationsdevice, a standalone or vehicle in-built navigation device, a satellitenavigation device, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant, asmartphone, a smartwatch, smart eyewear, a phablet, a tablet, a laptopcomputer, a desktop computer, a server, and a module for one or more ofthe same.

In this example, the apparatus 204 comprises a processor 205, a memory206, a transceiver 207, a power supply 208, an electronic display 209and a loudspeaker 210, which are electrically connected to one anotherby a data bus 211. The processor 205 is configured for general operationof the apparatus 204 by providing signalling to, and receivingsignalling from, the other components to manage their operation. Thememory 206 is configured to store computer program code configured toperform, control or enable operation of the apparatus 204. The memory206 may also be configured to store settings for the other components.The processor 205 may access the memory 206 to retrieve the componentsettings in order to manage the operation of the other components. Theprocessor 205 may be a microprocessor, including an Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit (ASIC). The memory 206 may be a temporary storagemedium such as a volatile random access memory. On the other hand, thememory 206 may be a permanent storage medium such as a hard disk drive,a flash memory, or a non-volatile random access memory.

The transceiver 207 is configured to transmit data (e.g. live mappingdata or data associated with performing one or more of theaforementioned or subsequently mentioned aspects) to, and/or receivedata from, other apparatus/devices, and may comprise a separatetransmitter and receiver. The power supply 208 is configured to providethe other components with electrical power to enable theirfunctionality, and may comprise one or more of a mains adapter, abattery, a capacitor, a supercapacitor, and a battery-capacitor hybrid.The electronic display 209 may be an LED, LCD or plasma display, and isconfigured to display visual content which is stored on (e.g. on thestorage medium) or received by (e.g. via the transceiver) the apparatus204. Similarly, the loudspeaker 210 is configured to output audiocontent which is stored on or received by the apparatus 204. The visualand audio content may comprise related components of a combinedaudio-visual content. In some examples, the audio and/or visual contentmay comprise live mapping data (such as one or more of navigation data,travel updates, weather updates, local news and advertising data).

FIG. 3 shows one method of obtaining live mapping data for a roadjourney A-B which may help to reduce the amount of traveller locationinformation obtained from a mapping application and/or data provider302. This method involves the use of a group of mobile devices 1-4associated with one or more travellers that are intending to traveltogether on a defined road journey A-B. Some or all of these mobiledevices 1-4 may be associated with the same traveller, or they may beassociated with different travellers. Furthermore, the mobile devices1-4 which are available to participate in the method may be configuredto make their availability known to one another or to a central device.This could be achieved in practice by transmitting an identificationsignal which can be detected by any device within a predefined radius ofthe mobile device 1-4. In this way, the available mobile devices 1-4 canbe determined by scanning the vicinity for any identification signals.The devices 1-4 may be associated together in a particular travellergroup by use of a predefined flag to indicate the grouping.

Rather than a single mobile device requesting live mapping data from themapping application/data provider 302, each mobile device 1-4 in thegroup is assigned by the apparatus 204 a respective sub-portion of thedefined road journey A-B according to at least one predefined assignmentcriterion. The assignment step may take place before the travellersembark on the journey A-B or during the journey A-B. In this illustratedexample, mobile device 1 has been assigned sub-portion A-1, mobiledevice 2 has been assigned sub-portion 1-2, mobile device 3 has beenassigned sub-portion 2-3, and mobile device 4 has been assignedsub-portion 3-B. Each mobile device 1-4 is configured to request livemapping data for live navigation of its respective sub-portion of theroad journey A-B from a mapping data provider 302 such that live mappingdata for the complete road journey A-B can be obtained collectively bythe group of mobile devices 1-4. Each device 1-4 can then provide thereceived mapping data for its respective sub-portion for use by theplurality of travellers. The mobile devices 1-4 may be configured toprovide the live mapping data as soon as it is received, or they may beconfigured to store the live mapping data for provision at a later time.This provision may be done by each mobile device 1-4 providing the livemapping data visually using its own display. In other examples, the livemapping data may be respectively transmitted to a central navigationcontroller device which is then able to display the live mapping datafor the whole journey. This navigation controller device may be theapparatus 204 which also does the assigning according to the at leastone predefined assignment criterion.

By splitting/portioning the defined journey A-B between a group ofmobile devices 1-4, the mapping application and mapping data provider302 associated with each device 1-4 are only able to acquire knowledgeof the respective sub-portion. Since the mapping application and dataprovider 302 associated with one device 1 typically operateindependently of the mapping application and data provider 302associated with another device 2-3 (e.g. because each device 1-4 uses adifferent application, data provider 302 or user account), none of themapping applications or mapping data providers 302 are able to acquirethe location details of the complete journey A-B. This provides thetravellers with a greater degree of privacy. Also, in examples with acentral navigation controller device which receives the live mappingdata for the whole journey from the group of mobile devices 1-4, thetraveller's privacy is still preserved because the central device didnot itself request the live mapping data from the mapping data provider302.

The mobile devices 1-4 may be configured to obtain the live mapping datafor their respective sub-portions before or during the journey A-B.Obtaining the live mapping data before setting off avoids any potentialissues with connecting to the mapping data provider 302 on route.However, given that the live mapping data for a particular sub-portionrelates to the current (i.e. real-time) state of that particularsub-portion, any data obtained before the journey could potentially beout-of-date by the time the travellers reach the associated sub-portion.In this respect, each mobile device 1-4 may be configured to obtain livemapping data for its respective sub-portion when the current location ofthe mobile device or group of mobile devices 1-4 corresponds to thestart of the respective sub-portion (e.g. within a predefinedtolerance/distance/time of the start point). This approach ensures thatthe live mapping data obtained for each sub-portion of the journey isapplicable during the time at which the one or more travellers arelocated within the sub-portion.

FIG. 4a shows a group of mobile devices 1-4 associated with one or moretravellers in a single vehicle 412. In this scenario, each device 1-4may be configured to provide the live mapping data for its respectivesub-portion by presenting the live mapping data to the one or moretravellers in the vehicle 412 for live navigation of the road journey(e.g. using the electronic display and loudspeaker of the mobile device1-4 to provide visual and audio data, respectively). Although this maybe the simplest option, the need for the driver or navigator to switchbetween the various devices 1-4 at each change in sub-portion may beconsidered to be inconvenient or impractical.

To address this issue, each mobile device 1-4 may be configured toprovide the live mapping data for its respective sub-portion bytransmitting the live mapping data to a central device 413 (e.g. theaforementioned central navigation controlling device) for livenavigation of the road journey. Transmission of the live mapping data tothe central device 413 means that the driver or navigator can focus on asingle device 413 for live navigation data throughout the entireduration of the journey. The data exchange between the mobile devices1-4 and the central device 413 may occur over any wired or wirelessconnection 403, such as via a data cable, Bluetooth™ or WiFi™. Inaddition, the central device 413 may be one of the group of mobiledevices 1-4 (e.g. the mobile device 1 having one or more of the greatestprocessing power, battery life and data security), or it may be aseparate device. In the example shown, the central device 413 is atablet computer having a larger electronic display than the group ofmobile devices 1-4 to facilitate shared viewing of the live mapping databy all travellers in the vehicle 412. In other examples, the tabletcomputer may be one of the group of mobile devices.

In some cases, a remote server which does not form part of the group ofmobile devices may be configured to control the provision of livemapping data by the mobile devices by controlling the mobile devicessequentially according to the order of the sub-portions in the definedjourney.

FIG. 4b shows a group of mobile devices 1-4 associated with a pluralityof travellers in respective vehicles 412 a-d (e.g. a convoy ofmotorcyclists). In this scenario, a different traveller/vehicle 412 a-dis chosen to lead the convoy through each sub-portion of the roadjourney according to its respective assignment. In some cases, it may beadvantageous for the mobile device 1 associated with the leadingtraveller/vehicle 412 a to transmit the live mapping data for itsrespective sub-portion to at least one of the other mobile devices 2-4.One such situation may arise when the leading traveller/vehicle 412 a istravelling faster than the rest of the convoy 412 b-d and, as a result,disappears out of sight of the other travellers 412 b-d. In thissituation, the mobile device 1 associated with the leadingtraveller/vehicle 412 a may transmit the live mapping data for itsrespective sub-portion to the mobile device 2 associated with the nexttraveller/vehicle 412 b in the convoy sequence. This live mapping dataallows the next traveller 412 b to continue navigation through thecurrent sub-portion and assume leadership of the subsequenttravellers/vehicles 412 c,d.

In some cases, the leading traveller/vehicle 412 a may be expected tocoordinate the other travellers/vehicles 412 b-d in the convoy. Thissituation may arise, for example, if the other travellers 412 b-d arenot told which sub-portion has been assigned to their respective device2-4 before setting off on the journey, or if the other travellers 412b-d keep the mapping application on their respective devices 2-4 turnedoff to preserve battery life until they are required to lead the convoy.In this scenario, the mobile device 1 associated with the leadingtraveller/vehicle 412 a may be configured to transmit an instruction toone of the other mobile devices 2 when the current location of the groupof mobile devices 1-4 (or the other mobile device 2) corresponds to thestart of the respective sub-portion assigned to the other mobile device2, the transmitted instruction configured to prompt the traveller 412 bassociated with the other mobile device 2 to lead the plurality oftravellers 412 a-d for the duration of the respective sub-portion.Additionally or alternatively, the mobile device 1 associated with theleading traveller/vehicle 412 a may be configured to transmit aninstruction to the other mobile devices 2-4 which specifies a particularsequence in which the associated travellers/vehicles 412 b-d should betravelling within the convoy. This instruction can, of course, be doneby a central server which is not one of the group of mobile devices.

As stated above, the respective sub-portions of the defined road journeyA-B are assigned to the group of mobile devices 1-4 according to atleast one predefined assignment criterion. The at least one predefinedassignment criterion may comprise a device criterion related to thecapability of each mobile device 1-4 in providing live mapping data fora particular sub-portion of the road journey A-B. For example, thedevice criterion may be based on one or more of the processing power,battery life and network coverage of the mobile device 1-4 at theparticular sub-portion of the road journey A-B. Relatively accuratenetwork coverage information is usually available for telecommunicationnetworks. In the case of processing power and battery life, however, thedevice criterion may be based on a prediction of the expected processingpower or remaining battery life at the particular sub-portion based onthe current state of the device 1-4 in combination with the devicehistory and predicted usage.

Additionally or alternatively, the at least one predefined assignmentcriterion may comprise a traveller sensitivity criterion related to thesensitivity of the traveller associated with each mobile device 1-4 to aparticular sub-portion of the road journey A-B. The travellersensitivity criterion may be based on the sensitivity of the travellerto one or more of a location within the sub-portion (e.g. because thetraveller does not wish his/her visit to a particular location to beknown or logged), a time of travel within the sub-portion (e.g. becausethe traveller does not wish his/her visit to a particular location at aparticular time to be known or logged) and a history of travel withinthe sub-portion (e.g. because the traveller does not wish the frequencyof his/her visits to a particular location to be known or logged). Forexample, the traveller may not wish his/her visit or frequency of visitsto a casino to be known, or the traveller may not wish his/her visit tothe beach at a time when he/she is supposed to be on a business trip tobe known. The traveller sensitivity criterion for each traveller may bestored locally on the associated mobile device 1-4 and obtained onrequest for use in assignment of the respective sub-portions.

As described with reference to FIG. 4b , the group of mobile devices 1-4may be associated with a plurality of travellers using respectivevehicles 412 a-d for the road journey in which a differenttraveller/vehicle 412 a leads the other travellers/vehicles 412 b-dthrough each sub-portion of the road journey. In this scenario, the atleast one predefined assignment criterion may additionally oralternatively comprise a suitability criterion related to thesuitability of each traveller or vehicle 412 a-d in leading theplurality of travellers for the duration of a particular sub-portion ofthe road journey. This criterion may help to ensure that the leadingtraveller or vehicle 412 a-d is competent enough to handle the roadnetwork within the particular sub-portion (e.g. the traveller is not putoff by city-centre driving, or the vehicle 412 a-d is capable of drivingat reasonable speed through a section of motorway), or that the leadingtraveller 412 a can be trusted to drive sensibly through the roadnetwork within the particular sub-portion (e.g. driving in a way whichallows the other travellers/vehicles 412 b-d to keep up, or driving in away which reduces the risk of danger to the other travellers 412 b-d).

In some cases, each mobile device 1-4 may be assigned an equally sizedsub-portion (e.g. in terms of distance or time) of the road journey.This approach not only means that each traveller 412 a-d has an equalshare of the navigational effort and responsibility, but it also limitsthe amount of journey disclosed to any one mapping application or dataprovider and the amount of live mapping data which needs to be obtainedby any one mobile device 1-4. In other examples, some mobile devices 1-4may be assigned different sizes of sub-portion. This may be based on thestructure of the road network, or the capability of the mobile device1-4, traveller or vehicle 412 a-d. For instance, in the convoy scenariomentioned above, the sub-portions may be assigned in such a way that theend points of each sub-portion correspond to locations at which it issafe and/or convenient for the vehicles 412 a-d to overtake one anotheron the road network in order to effect a change in leadership.

FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate two different ways of implementing theabove-mentioned assignment criteria when assigning the varioussub-portions A-1, 1-2, 2-3 and 3-B of the journey to the differentmobile devices 1-4 in the group. In some cases, an assignment criterionmay result in a situation where a possible assignment is unfeasible(e.g. because the device 1-4 has no network coverage at that location),whilst in other cases, an assignment criterion may result in a situationwhere a possible assignment is feasible but unfavourable (e.g. becausethe associated traveller would prefer that his/her presence at thatlocation was not known or logged, or because the network usage at thatlocation would be too expensive for the associated traveller due to thelocation being outside the region covered by their usual networkprovider).

In the former scenario, the sub-portions of the journey may be assignedto the mobile devices 1-4 according to a binary system based on the atleast one predefined assignment criterion. As illustrated in FIG. 5a ,this approach involves putting a tick or cross next to each sub-portionfor each device 1-4 based on the assignment criterion to indicate thosedevices which are capable of handling the various sub-portions. Once thetable is complete, each device 1-4 can then be assigned a differentsub-portion such that all sub-portions have been assigned. The table maybe completed by asking specific questions to each of the respectivetravellers, or by using predefined traveller settings received inrespect of the travellers.

In some scenarios, each sub-portion may only be assignable to oneparticular device based on the at least one assignment criterion (i.e. asingle tick for each sub-portion), whilst in other scenarios, somesub-portions may be assignable to multiple devices (i.e. multiple ticksfor those sub-portions). In the latter situation, the sub-portions maybe assigned to the capable devices (randomly or sequentially) such thatthe journey is shared between all devices in the group. In FIG. 5a , forexample, each sub-portion of the journey has been randomly assigned to acapable mobile device such that each device has one sub-portion each:sub-portion A-1 has been assigned to device 1; sub-portion 1-2 has beenassigned to device 3; sub-portion 2-3 has been assigned to device 4; andsub-portion 3-B has been assigned to device 2.

When the at least one assignment criterion results in feasibleassignments with differing levels of traveller preference, theassignment process may be implemented using a scoring system rather thana binary system. As shown in FIG. 5b , this approach involves putting ascore 0-3 next to each sub-portion for each device 1-4 based on theassignment criterion to indicate the level of traveller preference. Forexample, a score of “0” may be used to indicate that a traveller reallydoes not wish to be assigned the corresponding sub-portion (or thathis/her device is not capable of handling that sub-portion), whilst ascore of “3” may be used to indicate that a traveller strongly welcomesthat particular assignment. Of course, a reverse scoring system could beused instead where a lower number indicates a greater preference for aparticular sub-portion.

Once the table is complete, each device 1-4 can then be assigned adifferent sub-portion based on the scoring such that all sub-portionshave been assigned. This may be performed by assigning each sub-portionto the device with the highest (or lowest) score for that particularsub-portion until each device has one sub-portion each. In somescenarios, however, two or more devices may have the same score for thesame sub-portion of the journey. In this scenario, one of these devicesmay be chosen randomly or sequentially. In FIG. 5b , for example,sub-portion A-1 has been assigned to device 1; sub-portion 1-2 has beenassigned to device 4; sub-portion 2-3 has been assigned to device 2; andsub-portion 3-B has been assigned to device 3. In this example, device 1was chosen over device 4 for sub-portion A-1 because device 1 is higherin the sequence of devices 1-4. Similarly, device 2 was chosen overdevice 4 for sub-portion 2-3 because device 2 is higher in the sequenceof devices 1-4.

There may be situations when one or more sub-portions of the journeycannot be suitably assigned to any of the mobile devices 1-4 in thegroup based on the at least one predefined assignment criterion. Forexample, this may occur because none of the devices 1-4 are able to geta network signal within a particular sub-portion or because none of thetravellers wish to be “seen” in a particular sub-portion. In some cases,it may be possible simply to leave that particular sub-portionunassigned if one of travellers is sufficiently familiar with thesub-portion that the associated live mapping data is not required. Thisis not always an option, however. It will be appreciated that suchinformation may be obtained using traveller preference settings receivedfrom the respective mobile devices.

FIGS. 6a and 6b illustrate two different strategies that may be adoptedwhen it is not possible to leave a sub-portion unassigned. As shown inFIG. 6a , one approach is to assign an alternative set of sub-portionsA-1′, 1′-2′, 2′-3′ and 3′-B to the group of mobile devices 1-4. Byadjusting the position of the start and/or end point of eachsub-portion, one or more of the alternative sub-portions may have adifferent size/length than the original equivalent sub-portions. In thisexample, device 1 has been assigned sub-portion A-1′ (which is longerthan original sub-portion A-1 in terms of time and/or distance), device2 has been assigned sub-portion 1′-2′ (which is shorter than originalsub-portion 1-2), device 3 has been assigned sub-portion 2′-3′ (which isabout the same size as original sub-portion 2-3), and device 4 has beenassigned sub-portion 3′-B (which is shorter than original sub-portion3-B). If one or more of the alternative sub-portions cannot be assignedto any of the mobile devices 1-4, this process can be repeated until acomplete set of assignable sub-portions are found.

Another approach when one or more sub-portions of the road journeycannot be suitably assigned to any of the mobile devices 1-4 is toassign sub-portions A-1″, 1″-2″, 2″-3″ and 3″-B of an alternative roadjourney A-B to the respective devices instead. As shown in FIG. 6b , thealternative road journey A-B has the same start location A and end Blocation as the original road journey but involves a different routebetween these two locations A, B. In this example, device 1 has beenassigned sub-portion A-1″, device 2 has been assigned sub-portion 1″-2″,device 3 has been assigned sub-portion 2″-3″, and device 4 has beenassigned sub-portion 3″-B. Although the alternative journey A-B shown inFIG. 6b is larger/longer than the original journey, it could be the samesize/length or even smaller in size/length. Similarly, the sub-portionsof the alternative journey may or may not be the same size/length as theequivalent sub-portions of the original journey.

As mentioned previously, the mapping application on each mobile device1-4 may be configured to store/log one or both of the proposed route andtraveller location throughout the road journey A-B (either locally or ona remote server) to enable customisation of its services for futurejourneys. The mapping application may even provide this information tothe mapping data provider to enable customisation of future live mappingdata.

In some cases, the group of mobile devices 1-4 may utilise the same useraccount, mapping application and/or mapping data provider. For example,the same user account may be used if respective sub-portions of the roadjourney are assigned to the mobile phone and tablet of a singletraveller, and the same mapping application or data provider may occurwhen the mobile devices 1-4 are made by the same manufacturer or run thesame operating system. In these scenarios, it may be possible for one orboth of the mapping application and mapping data provider to obtaindetails of the complete road journey A-B by combining/aggregating theproposed route or logged location data from each of the different mobiledevices 1-4 in the group, even though the live mapping data wasrequested by different mobile devices. This may be achieved, forexample, by using an aggregation algorithm to piece together therespective sub-portions based on the locations and corresponding timestamps in the location logs of the different devices 1-4.

Even when the group of mobile devices 1-4 do not utilise the same useraccount, mapping application and/or mapping data provider, some mappingdata providers may be able to obtain one or both of the proposed routeor logged location data from multiple mapping applications and othermapping data providers (e.g. in exchange for payment or as part of acommercial agreement between the respective parties).

In order to preserve the privacy of the travellers, the at least onepredefined assignment criterion may comprise a discontinuity criterionconfigured to assign two or more consecutive sub-portions of the roadjourney A-B to be discontinuous. In this way, even if a single mappingapplication or mapping data provider obtains the proposed route orlogged location data from every device 1-4 of the group, said mappingapplication/data provider may be unable to infer the complete roadjourney A-B because of the discontinuity.

FIG. 7a shows the assignment of two or more consecutive discontinuoussub-portions of the defined road journey A-B to the group of mobiledevices 1-4. In this example, device 1 has been assigned sub-portionA-1, device 2 has been assigned sub-portion 1-12, device 3 has beenassigned sub-portion 23-3, and device 4 has been assigned sub-portion3-B. As illustrated, point 12 is the end point of sub-portion 1-12 andcorresponds to a location somewhere between points 1 and 2 ofsub-portion 1-2 in FIG. 3. Similarly, point 23 is the start point ofsub-portion 23-3 and corresponds to a location somewhere between points2 and 3 of sub-portion 2-3 in FIG. 3.

Furthermore, points 12 and 23 are separated from one another by aspatial or temporal gap 12-23 to provide the discontinuity in theaggregated location data. Given that the level of uncertainty in theaggregated location data typically increases with the size of thespatial or temporal gap 12-23, the locations of points 12 and 23 may bechosen to provide a predefined level of uncertainty. This may beperformed based on a predetermined security/privacy setting. Forexample, it may be easier to obtain location data for the complete roadjourney A-B if the mobile devices 1-4 each use the same user account,mapping application and/or mapping data provider. In this scenario, theapparatus may be configured to provide a greater degree ofsecurity/privacy by assigning points 12 and 23 such that there is arelatively large gap 12-23 therebetween. On the other hand, a lowerdegree of security/privacy (i.e. smaller gap) may be required if eachdevice 1-4 uses a different user account, mapping application and/ormapping data provider. In some cases, the security/privacy setting maybe selectable by user of the apparatus (e.g. one of the travellers).

As well as increasing the spatial or temporal spacing between theconsecutive discontinuous sub-portions 1-12, 23-3 of the road journeyA-B, the level of uncertainty in the aggregated location data can beincreased by assigning start or end points of one or more of theconsecutive sub-portions 1-12, 23-3 at a road intersection having one ormore of a plurality of incoming and outgoing roads.

FIG. 7b shows the road network between sub-portions 1-12 and 23-3 ingreater detail. As can be seen, the end point 12 of the formersub-portion 1-12 comprises a road intersection 722 having three outgoingroads 724 a-726 a, and the start point 23 of the latter sub-portion 23-3comprises a road intersection 723 having three corresponding incomingroads 724 b-726 b. In this way, point 12 is connected to point 23 by aplurality of different roads, any of which may be used by the travellersto travel from point 12 to point 23. Since none of the mobile devices1-4 have been assigned the portion of the road journey A-B betweenpoints 12 and 23 (i.e. the gap), there is no corresponding route orlocation data. Furthermore, because of the ambiguity created by theplurality of incoming/outgoing roads 724-726, the mapping application ormapping data provider cannot be certain which route the travellers tookbetween points 12 and 23. This feature therefore provides a degree ofuncertainty in the aggregated location data even if the gap 12-23between the consecutive discontinuous sub-portions 1-12, 23-3 isrelatively small.

As also shown in FIG. 7b , the discontinuity criterion may be configuredto assign the two or more consecutive discontinuous sub-portions 1-12,23-3 of the road journey A-B such that at least one of the plurality ofincoming or outgoing roads 724-726 comprises one or more further roadintersections between the consecutive discontinuous sub-portions 1-12,23-3. In this example, the uppermost road 724 a,b comprises two roadintersections 727, 728 connected to one another by a plurality ofsub-roads 729-731. The presence of these further road intersections 727,728 therefore serves to increase the route uncertainty in the aggregatedlocation data even further.

One potential downside to assigning two or more consecutive sub-portions1-12, 23-3 of the road journey A-B to be discontinuous is that none ofthe travellers have live mapping data for the gap portion of the roadjourney (i.e. between points 12 and 23 in FIGS. 7a and 7b ). As aresult, the travellers must navigate the gap portion (e.g. via theincoming/outgoing roads 724-726) without any route guidance. One way ofaddressing this issue is to utilise the travellers' knowledge orexperience of travelling this portion of the road journey, or even justthe travellers' driving or navigation ability in general. To implementthis, the discontinuity criterion may be configured to assign the startand end points of the consecutive discontinuous sub-portions 1-12, 23-3according to a traveller familiarity criterion. The travellerfamiliarity criterion is related to one or more of how often thetraveller associated with the mobile device has previously travelledbetween the consecutive discontinuous sub-portions 1-12, 23-3 of theroad journey A-B, and available road signage to provide visualnavigation between the consecutive discontinuous sub-portions 1-12, 23-3of the road journey A-B. Additionally or alternatively, thediscontinuity criterion may be configured to assign the start and endpoints of the consecutive discontinuous sub-portions 1-12, 23-3according to a traveller experience criterion related to the ability ofthe traveller to self-navigate between the consecutive sub-portions1-12, 23-3 of the road journey A-B.

One or both of the traveller familiarity and traveller experiencecriteria for each traveller may be stored on their respective mobiledevice(s) 1-4 or on another device (e.g. a home PC or remote server). Inthis regard, the apparatus configured to assign the respectivesub-portions to the group of mobile devices 1-4 may be configured toreceive the traveller familiarity/experience criteria from another(possibly remote) device on request. On the other hand, one or both ofthe traveller familiarity and traveller experience criteria may bepre-stored on the apparatus for procedural efficiency.

In some situations, the travellers may be happy for the mappingapplication to know the complete road journey A-B but not the mappingdata provider (e.g. to avoid unwanted advertising data in relation tostops made during the road journey A-B). In this scenario, rather thanthe apparatus assigning two or more consecutive discontinuoussub-portions to the group of mobile devices (although this could also bedone in other embodiments), the apparatus (possibly in conjunction withthe mapping application) may be configured to generate a partiallocation log for one or more of the group of mobile devices 1-4 whichcomprises the location data for only a sub-part of the respectiveassigned sub-portion. In this way, even if the mapping data providerobtains access to the location logs for every mobile device 1-4 in thegroup, travel through the remaining sub-parts of one or moresub-portions is obfuscated.

FIG. 8a illustrates the assignment of two consecutive sub-portions 1-2,2-3 of the predefined road journey A-B to a pair of respective mobiledevices 2, 3. In this example, device 2 has been assigned sub-portion1-2 and device 3 has been assigned consecutive sub-portion 2-3. Unlikethe example in FIG. 7a , there is no gap between these assignedsub-portions 1-2, 2-3. In this scenario, the apparatus (with or withoutthe mapping application on device 2) is configured to log the locationand corresponding time of the associated traveller as he/she travelsthrough sub-portion 1-2. Similarly, the apparatus (with or without themapping application on device 3) is configured to log the location andcorresponding time of the associated traveller as he/she travels throughsub-portion 2-3. Here, the apparatus doing the logging may be theapparatus that assigns the sub-portions 1-2, 2-3, the apparatus thatprovides the live mapping data, the apparatus that uses the live mappingdata, or another apparatus. In this respect, the apparatus doing thelogging may be one of the group of mobile devices 1-4, a partner device(such as one of the traveller's secondary devices), or a remote device(such as a remote server).

FIG. 8b shows one example of a partial location log generated for themobile devices of FIG. 8a . As can be seen, the location log comprisesthe time and location of device 2 as it travels through sub-portion 1-2,and the time and location of device 3 as it travels through sub-portion2-3. According to this location log, device 2 was at point 1 at 14:20,point 12 at 14:25, point 12′ at 14:30, point 12″ at 14:35 and point 2 at14:40. Similarly, according to the location log, device 3 was at point 2at 14:40, point 23″ at 14:45, point 23′ at 14:50, point 23 at 14:55 andpoint 3 at 15:00. In order to obfuscate the travel through thesesub-portions 1-2, 2-3, the apparatus has removed the location data frompoint 12′ to point 2 of sub-portion 1-2, and has removed the locationdata from point 2 to point 23′ of sub-portion 2-3 (as indicated by theshading). In some cases, the apparatus may be configured to replace theremoved location data with alternative data, such as noise.

To maximise the effect of this obfuscation, the concealed sub-part 12′-2of one sub-portion 1-2 should be continuous with the concealed sub-part2-23′ of the consecutive sub-portion 2-3. In this way, the concealedsub-parts 12′-2, 2-23′ jointly define a spatial or temporal gap betweenthe consecutive sub-portions 1-2, 2-3 in the location log despite thesub-portions 1-2, 2-3 being continuous. Like the spatial or temporal gap12-23 between the assigned consecutive sub-portions 1-12, 23-3 in FIG.7a , the gap in the location log creates a predefined degree ofambiguity or uncertainty such that it is more difficult for the mappingdata provider to infer the complete road journey A-B.

Although the size of the spatial or temporal gap in the location log maybe increased to increase the level of route uncertainty, the level ofuncertainty may be increased further still by logging the location of adevice/traveller at a road intersection having a plurality of incomingor outgoing roads, and not (correctly) logging the location of thedevice/traveller before or after the road intersection. This iscomparable to assigning the start/end points of the sub-portions 1-12,23-3 at a road intersection 722, 723 as described with reference to FIG.7 b.

FIGS. 9a-c illustrate schematically steps 914-916 of a method performedby a system described herein. The method generally comprises: assigningrespective sub-portions of a defined road journey to each of a group ofmobile devices associated with one or more travellers according to atleast one predefined assignment criterion 914; providing/ending livemapping data for the assigned sub-portions of the defined road journey915; and using live mapping data received from the respective mobiledevices for live navigation of the defined road journey 916.

One or more of method steps 914 and 916 may be performed by an apparatuswhich is or forms part of one of the group of mobile devices, or by anapparatus which is or forms part of a device separate to the group ofmobile devices. In the latter case, the apparatus may be a remote server(e.g. located in the cloud 302). Method step 915 may be performed by anapparatus which is or forms part of one of the group of mobile devices,or by a central server not forming part of the group.

FIGS. 10a-d illustrate schematically steps 1017-1020 of a methodperformed by a system described herein, particularly with reference tothe embodiments of FIG. 7. The method generally comprises: assigning twoor more consecutive discontinuous sub-portions of a defined road journeyto a group of respective mobile devices associated with one or moretravellers according to a discontinuity criterion 1017; providing/endinglive mapping data for the assigned discontinuous sub-portions of thedefined road journey 1018; using live mapping data received from therespective mobile devices for live navigation of the defined roadjourney 1019; and generating a partial location log comprising thelocations of the mobile devices through a sub-part of the respectivesub-portions to obfuscate travel through the respective sub-portions1020.

One or more of method steps 1017, 1019 and 1020 may be performed by anapparatus which is or forms part of one of the group of mobile devices,or by an apparatus which is or forms part of a device separate to thegroup of mobile devices. In the latter case, the apparatus may be aremote server (e.g. located in the cloud 302). Method step 1018 may beperformed by an apparatus which is or forms part of one of the group ofmobile devices, or by a central server not forming part of the group.

It will be appreciated that one or more of the functions describedherein may be performed by the same apparatus. It will also beappreciated that one or more of the apparatuses may be associated withthe same user/traveller by use of a common/particular user account. Inthis way, content on one device may be transitioned to another (e.g.partner) device of the same user account to allow the other device to beused. For example, the mapping content for a particular sub-portion canbe associated with the same user account so that the user/traveller canswitch from his/her mobile phone to his/her phablet or tablet during thesub-portion. This may be done to take advantage of features provided bythe other device, such as longer battery life or a larger display.

FIG. 11 illustrates schematically a computer/processor readable medium1121 providing a computer program according to one embodiment. Thecomputer program may comprise computer code configured to perform,control or enable one or more of the method steps 914-916 of FIGS. 9a-cand/or one or more of the method steps 1017-1020 of FIGS. 10a-d . Inthis example, the computer/processor readable medium 1121 is a disc suchas a digital versatile disc (DVD) or a compact disc (CD). In otherembodiments, the computer/processor readable medium 1121 may be anymedium that has been programmed in such a way as to carry out aninventive function. The computer/processor readable medium 1121 may be aremovable memory device such as a memory stick or memory card (SD, miniSD, micro SD or nano SD).

It will be appreciated to the skilled reader that any mentionedapparatus/device and/or other features of particular mentionedapparatus/device may be provided by apparatus arranged such that theybecome configured to carry out the desired operations only when enabled,e.g. switched on, or the like. In such cases, they may not necessarilyhave the appropriate software loaded into the active memory in thenon-enabled (e.g. switched off state) and only load the appropriatesoftware in the enabled (e.g. on state). The apparatus may comprisehardware circuitry and/or firmware. The apparatus may comprise softwareloaded onto memory. Such software/computer programs may be recorded onthe same memory/processor/functional units and/or on one or morememories/processors/functional units.

In some embodiments, a particular mentioned apparatus/device may bepre-programmed with the appropriate software to carry out desiredoperations, and wherein the appropriate software can be enabled for useby a user downloading a “key”, for example, to unlock/enable thesoftware and its associated functionality. Advantages associated withsuch embodiments can include a reduced requirement to download data whenfurther functionality is required for a device, and this can be usefulin examples where a device is perceived to have sufficient capacity tostore such pre-programmed software for functionality that may not beenabled by a user.

It will be appreciated that any mentionedapparatus/circuitry/elements/processor may have other functions inaddition to the mentioned functions, and that these functions may beperformed by the same apparatus/circuitry/elements/processor. One ormore disclosed aspects may encompass the electronic distribution ofassociated computer programs and computer programs (which may besource/transport encoded) recorded on an appropriate carrier (e.g.memory, signal).

It will be appreciated that any “computer” described herein can comprisea collection of one or more individual processors/processing elementsthat may or may not be located on the same circuit board, or the sameregion/position of a circuit board or even the same device. In someembodiments one or more of any mentioned processors may be distributedover a plurality of devices. The same or different processor/processingelements may perform one or more functions described herein.

It will be appreciated that the term “signalling” may refer to one ormore signals transmitted as a series of transmitted and/or receivedsignals. The series of signals may comprise one, two, three, four oreven more individual signal components or distinct signals to make upsaid signalling. Some or all of these individual signals may betransmitted/received simultaneously, in sequence, and/or such that theytemporally overlap one another.

With reference to any discussion of any mentioned computer and/orprocessor and memory (e.g. including ROM, CD-ROM etc), these maycomprise a computer processor, Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or other hardwarecomponents that have been programmed in such a way to carry out theinventive function.

The applicant hereby discloses in isolation each individual featuredescribed herein and any combination of two or more such features, tothe extent that such features or combinations are capable of beingcarried out based on the present specification as a whole, in the lightof the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art,irrespective of whether such features or combinations of features solveany problems disclosed herein, and without limitation to the scope ofthe claims. The applicant indicates that the disclosedaspects/embodiments may consist of any such individual feature orcombination of features. In view of the foregoing description it will beevident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may bemade within the scope of the disclosure.

While there have been shown and described and pointed out fundamentalnovel features as applied to different embodiments thereof, it will beunderstood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in theform and details of the devices and methods described may be made bythose skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of theinvention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinationsof those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially thesame function in substantially the same way to achieve the same resultsare within the scope of the invention. Moreover, it should be recognizedthat structures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/ordescribed in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment may beincorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form orembodiment as a general matter of design choice. Furthermore, in theclaims means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structuresdescribed herein as performing the recited function and not onlystructural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. Thus although anail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nailemploys a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas ascrew employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening woodenparts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising a processor andmemory including computer program code, the memory and computer programcode configured to, with the processor, enable the apparatus at leastto: for a defined road journey through a road network from a startlocation to an end location, assign respective sub-portions of thedefined road journey to each of a group of mobile devices associatedwith one or more travellers for the defined road journey according to atleast one predefined assignment criterion, wherein each of the group ofmobile devices is configured for provision of live mapping data for livenavigation of the respective sub-portion of the defined road journey,and wherein the at least one predefined assignment criterion comprises adiscontinuity criterion configured to assign two or more consecutivesub-portions of the defined road journey to be discontinuous; andwherein the discontinuity criterion is configured to assign a startpoint or end point of one or more of the consecutive sub-portions at aroad intersection of the defined road journey which has one or more of aplurality of incoming and outgoing roads.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the discontinuity criterion is configured to assign at least oneof the following: a) a start point or end point of one or more of theconsecutive sub-portions at the road intersection such that at least oneof the plurality of incoming and outgoing roads comprises one or morefurther road intersections between the consecutive sub-portions; b) oneor more respective start and end points of the two or more consecutivesub-portions such that they are discontinuous by being spaced apart fromone another by a particular spatial or temporal gap according to apredetermined security/privacy setting; c) one or more respective startand end points of the two or more consecutive sub-portions according toa traveller familiarity criterion related to one or more of how oftenthe traveller associated with the mobile device has previously travelledbetween the consecutive sub-portions of the defined road journey, andavailable road signage to provide visual navigation between theconsecutive sub-portions of the defined road journey; and d) one or morerespective start and end points of the two or more consecutivesub-portions according to a traveller experience criterion related tothe ability of the traveller to self-navigate between the consecutivesub-portions of the defined road journey.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2,wherein a respective traveller familiarity criterion and/or experiencecriterion for each traveller is stored remotely from the apparatus, andwherein the apparatus is configured to receive the traveller familiaritycriterion and/or experience criterion in respect of the traveller onrequest.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus isconfigured to receive the live mapping data for each sub-portion of thedefined road journey from the respective mobile devices.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the live mapping data comprises one ormore of navigation data, travel updates, weather updates, local news andadvertising data for the respective sub-portions of the defined roadjourney.
 6. An apparatus comprising a processor and memory includingcomputer program code, the memory and computer program code configuredto, with the processor, enable the apparatus at least to: generate apartial location log for one or more of a group of mobile devices, thegroup of mobile devices associated with one or more travellers of adefined road journey through a road network from a start location to anend location, wherein each of the group of mobile devices is configuredfor provision of live mapping data for live navigation of a respectiveassigned sub-portion of the defined road journey, and wherein thepartial location log comprises the location of the respective mobiledevice through only a sub-part of the respective assigned sub-portion ofthe defined road journey to obfuscate the travel through the assignedsub-portion.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the apparatus isconfigured to obfuscate the travel through the sub-portion by one ormore of removing and replacing location data associated with a remainderof the respective sub-portion.
 8. A method comprising: for a definedroad journey through a road network from a start location to an endlocation, assigning respective sub-portions of the defined road journeyto each of a group of mobile devices associated with one or moretravellers for the defined road journey according to at least onepredefined assignment criterion, wherein each of the group of mobiledevices is configured for provision of live mapping data for livenavigation of the respective sub-portion of the defined road journey,and wherein the assignment criterion comprises a discontinuityassignment criterion configured to assign two or more consecutivesub-portions of the defined road journey to be discontinuous; andwherein the discontinuity criterion is configured to assign a startpoint or end point of one or more of the consecutive sub-portions at aroad intersection of the defined road journey which has one or more of aplurality of incoming and outgoing roads.
 9. The method of claim 8,further comprising: wherein the assignment is configured to obfuscatethe travel through the sub-portion by one or more of removing andreplacing location data associated with a remainder of the respectivesub-portion.
 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising: usingreceived live mapping data for live navigation for the defined roadjourney, the live mapping data received from each of the group of mobiledevices wherein two or more consecutive sub-portions of the defined roadjourney are discontinuous.
 11. The method of claim 8, further comprisingone or more of providing and ending live mapping data for livenavigation for the defined road journey from one of the group of mobiledevices; wherein two or more consecutive sub-portions of the definedroad journey being discontinuous; and wherein the live mapping data isone or more of provided and ended from a respective mobile device basedon a provision criterion, the provision criterion determined using thecurrent location on the defined road journey of the mobile device withrespect to the particular sub-portion of the respective mobile device toallow each respective mobile device to take on and end, in sequenceorder, provision of live mapping data for the respective sub-portion.